Study the effects of different training regimes and warm-up protocols on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses as well as performance parameters in active young and old adults, well trained and elite athletes and in patients with metabolic (e.g. Type 1 diabetes, obesity) diseases. The physiological assessment includes the heart rate and oxygen uptake through, measured by an ergospirometer (Sensomedics), while the metabolic response is assessed by blood lactate concentration.