Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) and immunotherapy are important instruments to fight hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Immunotherapeutic approaches include the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting tumor-associated antigens or blocking immune checkpoints (ICB), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T or NK cells. This research area aims at increasing the efficiency and decreasing the side effects of these very promising approaches